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43. "Spectrograph Stabilization of 1000x using a Single-delay Interferometer"
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David J. Erskine, Jerry Edelstein, Ed H. Wishnow, Martin M. Sirk, Eric V. Linder and Dayne Fratanduono, re-submitted Jan 3, 2025 to J. Astr. Tel. Instr. Sys. SingleXfadeAbstractOnly.pdf
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How to stabilize dispersive spectrographs by 1000x using a single delay instead of multiple delays.
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42. “New interferometric technique for characterizing high resolution spectrometers--initial tests on the Keck Planet Finder”
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David J. Erskine, Jerry Edelstein, Ed H. Wishnow, Martin M. Sirk, and Eric V. Linder, iPoster at AAS 243rd mtg, New Orleans, LA, Jan 7-11, 2024. Program# = 301.08 (Instrumentaion: Ground Based or Airborne). iPoster 243rd AAS Jan 2024
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New variation on the EDI idea: we diagnose a spectrograph performance (resolution and lineshape asymmetry) by comparing fringing to nonfringing signal components.b
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41. "Stability boosting and characterization of high resolution spectrographs using an externally dispersed interferometer"
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D.J. Erskine, J. Edelstein, E. Wishnow, M. Sirk, E. Linder, and D. Fratanduono, Extreme Precision Radial Velocity 5 mtg., Santa Barbara, CA, March 27-30, 2023, poster #47. Poster2023_SantaBarbara_EPRV5_Gen.pdf
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Two applications using our interferometer described: (a) How to stabilize dispersive spectrographs by 1000x; (b) How to diagnose the resolution and line shape asymmetry of a spectrograph.
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40. “Spectrograph Stabilization of 500x using a Single-delay Interferometer”
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David J. Erskine, Edward Wishnow, Eric Linder, Erik J. Davies, Martin Sirk, Richard Ozer, Dayne Fratanduono and Jerry Edelstein, SPIE Astron. Tele. & Instrum., Montreal, Canada, July 17-22, 2022, poster# 12184-169. doi:10.1117/12.2628388 Poster2022Spie_500x_MontrealGen.pdf
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How to stabilize dispersive spectrographs by 1000x. This is variation of “crossfading” described in JATIS 2021 paper but using a *single* delay not multiple delays.
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39. "Externally Dispersed Interferometer Testbed Diagnosing Keck Planet Finder Spectrograph High Resolution Performance"
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David J. Erskine, Jerry Edelstein, Edward Wishnow, Erik J. Davies, Martin Sirk, Richard Ozer, and Dayne Fratanduono, SPIE Astron. Tele. & Instrum., Montreal, Canada, July 17-22, 2022, poster# 12184-165. doi:10.1117/12.2627160 Poster2022Spie_Testbed_MontrealGen.pdf
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New variation on the EDI idea: we diagnose a spectrograph performance (resolution and lineshape asymmetry) by comparing fringing to nonfringing signal components.
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38. "Crossfaded Externally Dispersed Interferometer Testbed for 1000x Improved Doppler Spectrograph Stability"
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David J. Erskine, D. Fratanduono, E. Davies, E. Linder, J. Edelstein, E. Wishnow, M. Sirk and R. Ozer, Exoplanets IV of AASTCS 9, Las Vegas, NV, May 1-6, 2022, poster ID= 102.169. Poster2022ExoLasVegasXfade.pdf
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I present how to stabilize dispersive spectrographs by 1000x, based on “crossfading” described in JATIS 2021 paper.
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37. "Real-time Cosmology with High Precision Spectroscopy and Astrometry"
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Sukanya Chakrabarti, Anthony H. Gonzalez, Steve Eikenberry, David Erskine, Mustapha Ishak, Alex Kim, Eric Linder, Andrei Nomerotski, Michael Pierce, Anze Slosar, Paul Stankus, Yu- Dai Tsai, Snowmass2021 white paper, March 11 (2022), arXiv:2203.05924. 10.48550/arXiv.2203.05924
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Proposes using my crossfading stabilization technique to measure very difficult to detect signal of cosmic expansion of universe
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36. “Method for boosting dispersive spectrograph stability 1000x using interferometry with crossfaded pairs of delays”
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David J. Erskine, J. Astr. Tele. Instrum. Sys., 7(2):025006, June 2021. XfadeJATIS-Gen
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I describe how to stabilize dispersive spectrographs by 1000x, based on “crossfading” described in Sect. 10 of my part 1 JATIS 2016 paper, plus recent improvements to algorithm.
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35. “Technique for Stabilizing a Spectrograph 1000x Using an Interferometer with Crossfaded Delays”
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David J. Erskine, OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, July 19-23, 2021, Vancouver B.C. Canada, abstract# 3564617. FTS-Xfade-2021Vancouver-Gen.pdf
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I present how to stabilize dispersive spectrographs by 1000x, based on “crossfading” described in Sect. 10 of my part 1 JATIS 2016 paper, plus recent improvements to algorithm.r.
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34. “Boosting dispersive spectrograph stability 1000x using an interferometer with crossfaded delays”
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David J. Erskine, SPIE Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, San Diego, CA, Dec. 13-18, 2020, Proc. SPIE 11451, 114512D (2020). SPIEyokoProcGen.pdf
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We describe how to stabilize dispersive spectrographs by 1000x, based on “crossfading” described in Sect. 10 of my part 1 JATIS 2016 paper.
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33. “A 1000x Stabler Spectrograph using an Interferometer with Crossfaded Delays”
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Opt. Soc. Am. topical Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, San Jose, CA, June 25-27, 2019. FTS-SanJose9gUCRL.pdf
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Describes using pairs of crossfaded interferometers to increase PSF stability to drifts 1000x.
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32. “A 1000x Stabler Spectrograph using an Interferometer with Crossfaded Delays”
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David J. Erskine and Eric V. Linder, AAS 234th Mtg., St. Louis MO, June 9-13, 2019. Poster2019AAS-StLouis-Gen.pdf
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Describes using pairs of crossfaded interferometers to increase PSF stability to drifts 1000x.
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31. “Direct Acceleration: Cosmic and Exoplanet Synergies”
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David J. Erskine, Eric V. Linder, Alex Kim, and 10 endorsing coauthors, white paper, Astro2020 Decadal Survey on Astr. and Astrophys., Nat. Acad. Sciences, March, arXiv:1903.05656 (2019). DirectAccelAstro2020arXiv
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Part IV describes using pairs of crossfaded interferometers to increase PSF stability to drifts 1000x.
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30. Chapter: "Dispersed Interferometers” in Book: “The WSPC Handbook of Astronomical Instrumentation”
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David J. Erskine, World Scientific Publishing Company, Editors: David Burrows and Anna Moore, April 2020, doi:10.1142/9446. WorldSciGen.pdf
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Invited review article (written~2018) describes apparatus and sample data of three dispersed interferometer techniques: externally dispersed interferometry (EDI & DFDI), spatial heterodyning spectroscopy (SHS & HHS), and dispersed Fourier transform spectroscopy (dFTS).
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29. “Enhanced Exoplanet Biosignature Detection from an Interferometer Addition to Low Resolution Spectrographs”
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D. J. Erskine, P. S. Muirhead, A. M. Vanderburg, A. Szentgyorgyi, in Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII, Austin, TX, June 10-15, 2018, Proc. SPIE vol. 10702, poster 161. SPIEaustinProcGen.pdf
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Proceedings for SPIE meeting, Austin TX, June 10-15, 2018. Modeling shows adding 0.6 cm interferometer to Gemini Planet Imager boosts R=70 to effectively R=4000 for detecting atmospheric spectral features.
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28. “Glasses for Mr. Magoo’s Spectrograph”
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D. Erskine, Astronomy Beat, newsletter for Astr. Soc. Pacific, edited by L. Shore, vol. 154, p1-7, March 8, 2017. AstroBeatGen.pdf
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History and photos of EDI over the years, written for a nonscientist audience
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27. “High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: Part 2, photon noise theory”
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D.J. Erskine, J. Edelstein, E. Wishnow, M. Sirk, P.S. Muirhead, M.W. Muterspaugh, and J.P. Lloyd, J. Astr. Tele. Instrm. Sys. 2(4), 045001 (2016). TediTenxPart2gen.pdf
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Part2. Describes photon noise theory for EDI spectroscopy especially with multiple delays. Numerical simulations demonstrate that fringing and nonfringing noise components are uncorrelated, and EDI can improve upon photon SNR of conventional spectrograph at low boosts. At high boosts EDI has similar SNR as conventional spectrograph with proportionately reduced slitwidth to achieve the high resolution, but without the focal lens blur or pixel Nyquist limitations.
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26. “High-resolution broadband spectroscopy using externally dispersed interferometry at the Hale telescope: Part 1, data analysis and results”
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D.J. Erskine, J. Edelstein, E. Wishnow, M. Sirk, P.S. Muirhead, M.W. Muterspaugh, J.P. Lloyd, Y. Ishikawa, E. McDonald, W. V. Shourt, A. M. Vanderburg, J. Astr. Tele. Instrm. Sys. 2(2), 025004 (2016). TediTenxPart1gen.pdf
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Part1. Comprehensive description of data analysis, results, instrument noise analysis. Notable: discovery of a data analysis method that further reduces sensitivity of final PSF wavelength shift to wavelength shift insults, from 20x to 350x, by overlapping adjacent delay peaks. This allows EDI to produce high res spectrum in spite of extremely large and irregular PSF shifts of the native TripleSpec. See Sects. 9 & 10.
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25. "Cancelling Spectrograph PSF Drift Error by Using Interferometer Delay Pairs”
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D. Erskine, E. Linder, E. Wishnow, J. Edelstein, M. Sirk, P. Muirhead, J. Lloyd, A. Kim, SPIE Astron. Tele. Instrum., Edinburgh, UK, June 26 - July 1, 2016, Ground-based Airborne Instrum. for Astron. VI, proceedings & poster 9908-224. EdinburghSPIEgen.pdf and 37x37PosterErskineGen.pdf
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Conference proceedings and poster describe the new crossfading method for eliminating PSF wavelength drift by mixing delay pairs.
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24. “Giving Cosmic Redshift Drift a Whirl”
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Alex G. Kim, Eric Linder, J. Edelstein, and D.J. Erskine, Astropart. Phys. 62, pp. 195-205 (2015). CosmicWhirlAstroPart2015.pdf
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Theory paper considers using an EDI or SHS for measuring very tiny long term changes in velocity caused by cosmic expansion.
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23. “High Resolution Broad-Band Spectroscopy in the NIR Using the TripleSpec Externally Dispersed Interferometer at the Hale Telescope”
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D.J. Erskine, J. Edelstein, M. Sirk, E. Wishnow, Y. Ishikawa, E. McDonald, W. V. Shourt, SPIE Astr. Tele. & Instr., Montreal, June 22-27, 2014, paper 9147-42. Montreal2014_SPIE.pdf
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Briefly summarizes data processing algorithm for wide bandwidth 4x to 10x resolution boosting of NIR spectrograph at Mt. Palomar 5m telescope. Highlights include eliminating ringing, calibration of glass dispersion, and diagrams of new visible light EDI under construction.
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22. "Measuring Precision Wideband Stellar Spectra using a Dispersed Interferometer"
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D. Erskine, J. Edelstein, M. Sirk, A. Vanderburg, and E. Wishnow, Opt. Soc. Am. Conf. on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Arlington, VA, June 23-27, 2013. FTS_abstr_Arlington_2013.pdf
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Automated the software and calibrated the glass delay dispersion so that spectral reconstruction can be computed rapidly across the whole bandwidth of native spectrograph, without manual tweaking of phasing.
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21. "Enhanced spectral resolution via externally dispersed interferometry"
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J. Edelstein, D. J. Erskine, M. Sirk, A. Vanderburg, E.H. Wishnow, Grnd-based & Airbrn. Instr. Astr. IV, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands, SPIE 8446, paper 177, (2012). edi_spie2012c2.pdf
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Work in progress on the topic of resolution boosting using TEDI data.
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20. "Ten-fold Spectral Resolution Boosting using TEDI at the Mt. Palomar NIR Triplespec Spectrograph"
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D.J. Erskine, Jerry Edelstein, P. Muirhead, M. Muterspaugh, K. Covey, D. Mondo, A. Vanderburg, P. Andelson, D. Kimber, M. Sirk, J. Lloyd, SPIE 8146, “UV/Optical/IR Space Tele. & Instr.: Innovat. Techn. Cncpts V”, Aug. 21-25, 2011, San Diego, CA, paper# 8146-22. Ten-fold18b-IM.pdf
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Preliminary description of resolution boosting on TEDI. 10x is the highest achieved boosting ratio to date on starlight (the previous high res results were in the lab and on iodine not starlight).
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19. "Precise Stellar Radial Velocities of an M Dwarf with a Michelson Interferometer and a Medium-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectrograph"
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Philip S. Muirhead, Jerry Edelstein, David J. Erskine, Jason T. Wright, Matthew W. Muterspaugh, K. R. Covey, E. Wishnow, K. Hamren, P. Andelson, D. Kimber, T. Mercer, S. Halverson, A. Vanderburg, D. Mondo, A. Czeszumska and J. P. Lloyd, PASP 123, pp 709-724, June (2011). TEDI_PASP2011.pdf
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Comprehensive peer-reviewed paper describing TEDI 2.0 Doppler measurement results. Derived from Phil Muirhead's thesis work.
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18. “Precise Infrared Radial Velocimetry with the Triplespec Exoplanet Discovery Instrument: current performance and results”
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P. Muirhead, J. Edelstein, J. Wright, D. Erskine, M. Muterspaugh, K. Covey, M. Marckwordt, S. Halverson, M. Marckwordt, D. Mondo, J. Lloyd, Grnd-based & Airbrn Instr. Astr. III, June 27 - July 2, 2010, San Diego, CA, SPIE 7735, p77357X (2010). L7735_SPIE_Muirhead2010b.pdf
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While TEDI version 2.0 was finished construction in the lab, it hadn't been installed at the telescope yet, so this paper analyzes TEDI version 1.0 problems. Key to redesigning version 2.0 was a good understanding of issues raised by 1.0 and how to address them.
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17. “Infrared Radial Velocimetry with TEDI: Performance Development”
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J. Edelstein, P. Muirhead, J. Wright, K. Covey, D. Erskine, M. Muterspaugh, J. Lloyd, S. Halverson, M. Marckwordt, D. Mondo, Grnd-based & Airbrn Instr. Astr. III, June 27 - July 2, 2010, San Diego, CA, SPIE 7735, p773583 (2010). 7735_SPIE_Jerry2010.pdf
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Describes some of the growing pain problems with version 1.0 and our design for version 2.0 which will address those issues.
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16. "Dispersed interferometer for Doppler planet search at Mt. Palomar 200 inch Telescope"
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D.J. Erskine, J. Edelstein, E. Wishnow, J. Lloyd, P. Muirhead, J. Wright and M. Muterspaugh, OSA/Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Vancouver, Canada, April 26-30, 2009. FTS_Van5b.pdf
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Abstract for a conference that i ended up not being able to attend. Useful for showing some early TEDI raw data. Unpublished.
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15. "Dispersed Interferometry for Infrared Exoplanet Velocimetry"
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J. Edelstein, D.J. Erskine, J. Lloyd, M. Muterspaugh, P. Muirhead, and J. Wright, Astron. Telescopes & Instrum., Marseille, France, June 23-28, 2008, SPIE 7014 (2008). Marseille_SPIE7014-274.pdf
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Shows first-light raw data (spectra with fringes) of TEDI
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14 "Externally Dispersed Interferometry for Precision Radial Velocimetry"
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D.J. Erskine, M. Muterspaugh, J. Edelstein, J. Lloyd, T. Herter, W.M. Feuerstein, P. Muirhead, and E. Wishnow, AAAC Exoplanet Task Force White Paper, Amer. Astron. Soc. 211th Mtg., Austin, TX, Jan. 7-11, 2008, <2007arXiv0710.2130E>. ExoPTF9c_.pdf
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White paper written for Exoplanet Task Force. Nice summary of theoretical arguments for using EDI in future Doppler planet surveys, especially of cool stars.
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13. "TEDI: the TripleSpec Exoplanet Discovery Instrument"
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J. Edelstein, M.W. Muterspaugh, D.J. Erskine, W.M. Feuerstein, M. Marckwordt, E. Wishnow, J. Lloyd, T. Herter, P. Muirhead, G. Gull, C. Henderson, S. Parshley, Techn. and Instr. Detect. Exoplanets III, San Diego, Aug 27-31, 2007, Proc. SPIE 6693 (2007). TEDI_SPIE6693b.pdf
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Plans (drawings etc) for the interferometer being built to fit inside the Cassegrain output hole of Mt. Palomar 200 inch telescope mirror.
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12. "The TEDI Instrument for Near-IR Radial Velocity Surveys"
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J. Edelstein, D. Erskine, J. Lloyd, T. Herter, M. Marckwordt, and M. Feuerstein, SPIE 6269, Orlando FL, May 2006. Tedi.spie.06c.pdf
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Briefly summarizes the interferometer portion of the TEDI project, which is to place a Doppler interferometer at Mt. Palomar 200 inch in series with Cornell's TripleSpec near-infrared spectrograph, to search for planets around cool stars.
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11. "Noise Studies of EDI for Doppler Velocimetry"
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D.J. Erskine, J. Edelstein, J.P. Lloyd, and P. Muirhead, SPIE 6269, Orlando FL, May 2006. OrlandoNoise17pp2.pdf
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Describes mathematical methods for calculating EDI and conventional photon-limited velocity noise, given any arbitrary stellar spectrum. Examples given for a T=1600 star in the near infrared, with various rotational blurring.
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10. "High Resolution Absorption Specroscopy using Externally Dispersed Interferometry"
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J. Edelstein & D. Erskine, in Optics & Photonics, Proc. SPIE 5898 (2005). UVDiego5.pdf
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Describes advantages of using EDI for high resolution absorption spectroscopy, such as for UV-observing space missions
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9. "Externally Dispersed Interferometry for Planetary Studies"
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D. Erskine & J. Edelstein, in Optics & Photonics, Proc. SPIE 5905 (2005). TediDiego7.pdf
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Plan to measure Doppler velocities of cool stars by combining an EDI with Cornell's TripleSpec IR spectrograph at Mt. Palomar Observatory
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